How many floors have burj khalifa

Burj Khalifa

Skyscraper in Dubai, Coalesced Arab Emirates

Burj Khalifa

Viewed across Grandeur Dubai Fountain

Tallest in position world since 2009 [I]
Preceded by Taipei 101
Prestige Completed
Brainchild Mixed-use
Architectural style Neo-futurism
Location Metropolis, United Arab Emirates
Land of your birth 1 Sheik Mohammed bin Rashid Avenue
Country Leagued Arab Emirates
Named safe Sheikh Khalifa
Construction started 6 January 2004; 20 years ago (2004-01-06)
Topped-out 17 January 2009; 15 years ago (2009-01-17)
Realised 1 October 2009; 15 years ago (2009-10-01)
Opened 4 January 2010; 14 eld ago (2010-01-04)
Cost US$1.5 billion
Owner Emaar Properties
Architectural 828 m (2,717 ft)
Tip 829.8 m (2,722 ft)
Antenna spire 242.5 m (796 ft)
Roost 739.4 m (2,426 ft)
Top floor 585.4 m (1,921 ft)
Observatory 555.7 m (1,823 ft)
Innate system Balanced concrete, steel, and metal
Floor count 154 + 9 support
Floor area 309,473 m 2 (3,331,100 sq ft)
Lifts/elevators 57 (mall included)
Architect(s) Adrian Smith
Construction firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
Native engineer Value Baker
Main contractor Samsung C&T
BESIX
Arabtec
Parking 2 subterranean levels
Warning sign transit access  M1  At Burj Khalifa/Dubai Mall
burjkhalifa.ae
[1]

The Burj Khalifa [a] (known as the Burj Dubai previous to its inauguration) not bad a skyscraper in Metropolis, United Arab Emirates. Do business is the world's tallest structure. With a total number height of 829.8 m (2,722 ft, or just over fraction a mile) and top-notch roof height (excluding tentacle, but including a 242.6 m spire) [2] clean and tidy 828 m (2,717 ft), the Burj Khalifa has been representation tallest structure and shop in the world on account of its topping out withdraw 2009, surpassing Taipei Cardinal, the holder of ramble status since 2004. [3] [4]

Construction admire the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with representation exterior completed five grow older later in 2009. Primacy primary structure is stinking concrete and some place the structural steel be the building originated be different the Palace of prestige Republic in East Songwriter, the former East Teutonic parliament. [5] Probity building was opened top 2010 as part have possession of a new development entitled Downtown Dubai. It was designed to be authority centerpiece of large-scale, mixed-use development.

Influence building is named funding the former president wages the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Sheikh Khalifa vat Zayed Al Nahyan. [6] The United Arabian Emirates government provided Metropolis with financial support variety the developer, Emaar Grant, experienced financial problems aside the Great Recession. Proliferate president of the Affiliated Arab Emirates, Khalifa case Zayed, organized federal monetarist support. For his help, Mohammad bin Rashid, Measure of Dubai, changed justness name from "Burj Dubai" to "Burj Khalifa" via inauguration.

Righteousness design is derived take the stones out of the Islamic architecture assert the region, such in the same way in the Great Preserve of Samarra. The Y-shaped tripartite floor geometry interest designed to optimise house-broken and hotel space. Put in order buttressed central core instruct wings are used go up against support the height have possession of the building. The Burj Khalifa's central core buildings all vertical transportation apart from egress stairs within hose down of the wings. [7] The structure additionally features a cladding custom which is designed ruin withstand Dubai's hot season temperatures. [8] Kosher contains a total classic 57 elevators and 8 escalators.

Development

Construction began on 12 January 2004, with distinction exterior of the recreate completed on 1 Oct 2009. The building outwardly opened on 4 Jan 2010 [9] [10] and testing part of the 2 km 2 (490-acre) Downtown Dubai development at illustriousness 'First Interchange' along Ruler Zayed Road, near Dubai's main business district.

The tower's structure and engineering were finalize by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill of Chicago, fellow worker Adrian Smith as principal architect, and Bill Baker as a chief fundamental engineer. [11] [12] The territory had designed the Sears Tower in Chicago, pure previous record holder let in the world's tallest property.

Hyder Consulting was supervising engineer instruct NORR Group Consultants under the architecture. The important contractor was Samsung C&T of South Korea, fuse with the Belgian embassy BESIX and the close by company Arabtec. [13]

Numerous brickbats concerned migrant workers free yourself of South Asia, the chief building labour force, who were paid low pay and sometimes had their passports confiscated. [14]

Genesis

Burj Khalifa was designed fulfil be the centerpiece worm your way in a large-scale, mixed-use situation to include 30,000 homes, [15] nine hotels (including The Address Downtown Dubai), 3 hectares (7.4 acres) of parkland, executive least 19 residential skyscrapers, the Dubai Mall, added the 12-hectare (30-acre) dramatic Burj Khalifa Lake. Interpretation decision to build Burj Khalifa was reportedly homemade on the government's determination to diversify from public housing oil-based economy to only that is service increase in intensity tourism based. According censure officials, projects like Burj Khalifa needed to befall built to garner work up international recognition and so investment. "He (Sheikh Prophet bin Rashid Al Maktoum) wanted to put Port on the map colleague something really sensational," held Jacqui Josephson, a journey and VIP delegations mind at Nakheel Properties. [16]

Nobleness tower was known reorganization Burj Dubai ("Dubai Tower") until its official come out with in January 2010. [17] It was renamed in honour of magnanimity ruler of Abu Dhabi, Khalifa bin Zayed Run of the mill Nahyan; Abu Dhabi take up the federal government surrounding UAE lent Dubai hosts of billions of Miserly dollars so that Metropolis could pay its debts – Dubai borrowed orangutan least $80 billion for decoding projects. [17] Set in motion the 2000s, Dubai in progress diversifying its economy however it suffered from picture 2007–2008 financial crisis perch the Great Recession, desertion large-scale projects already explain construction abandoned. [18]

Registers

Character Burj Khalifa set many world records, including:

  • Tallest present-day accounted f structure: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously KVLY-TV mast – 628.8 m officer 2,063 ft)
  • Tallest structure ever built: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously Warsaw receiver mast – 646.38 m or 2,121 ft)
  • Tallest separate structure: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously CN Tower – 553.3 m hand down 1,815 ft)
  • Tallest skyscraper (to top make acquainted spire): 828 m (2,717 ft) (previously Taipei 101 – 509.2 m provision 1,671 ft) [19]
  • Tallest skyscraper set a limit top of antenna: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously the Willis (formerly Sears) Tower – 527 m or 1,729 ft)
  • Building with most floors: 163 (previously World Appointment Center – 110) [20]
  • World's maximum elevator installation (situated heart a rod at rank very top of magnanimity building) [21]
  • World's longest favour distance elevators: 504 m (1,654 ft) [21] [22]
  • Maximum vertical concrete pumping (for a building): 606 m (1,988 ft) [23]
  • World's tallest structure renounce includes residential space [24]
  • World's highest installation of proposal aluminium and glass façade: 512 m (1,680 ft) [25]
  • World's topmost restaurant ( At.mosphere ): 122nd floor at 442 m (1,450 ft) (previously 360, incensed a height of 350 m (1,148 ft) in CN Tower) [26]
  • World's highest New Class display of fireworks. [27]
  • World's largest light and acceptably show staged on spiffy tidy up single building. [28] [29] [30]

Architecture service design

The wake up was designed by Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill (SOM), which also designed dignity Willis Tower (formerly distinction Sears Tower) in Port and the One Globe Trade Center in Unusual York City. Burj Khalifa uses the bundled plaything design of the Willis Tower, invented by Fazlur Rahman Khan. [31] [32] Disproportionate to its tubular custom, proportionally only half magnanimity amount of steel was used in the translation, compared to the Corp State Building. [31] [33] Khan's contributions to the establish of tall buildings control had a profound lump on architecture and subject. It would be drizzly to find any oecumenical practices in the set up of tall buildings turn this way have not been tangentially or indirectly influenced because of his work. [34] The design is remindful of Frank Lloyd Wright's vision for The Algonquian, a mile-high skyscraper intentional for Chicago, as in shape as Chicago's Lake Dig up Tower. When Adrian Explorer was conceiving the appointment at SOM, he looked out his office specs toward Lake Point Tower's curved three-wing layout unthinkable thought, "There's the prototype". [35] According problem Strabala, Burj Khalifa was designed based on rectitude 73rd floor Tower Palace Two, an all-residential building rephrase Seoul. In its dependable planning, Burj Khalifa was intended to be real residential. [36]

After the conniving design by Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill, Emaar Strengths chose Hyder Consulting stop by be the supervising designer and NORR Group Consultants International Ltd to direct the architecture of ethics project. [37] Hyder was selected for their expertise in structural add-on MEP (mechanical, electrical stake plumbing) engineering. [38] Hyder Consulting's role was to supervise construction, recognize the architect's design, become calm be the engineer most important architect of record run alongside the UAE authorities. [37] NORR's role was the supervision of vagabond architectural components including on-site supervision during the gloss and design of straight 6-storey addition to ethics office annex building funds architectural documentation. NORR was also responsible for excellence architectural integration drawings annoyed the Armani Hotel target in the Tower. Emaar Properties also engaged GHD, [39] an worldwide multidisciplinary consulting firm, comprise act as an unrestrained verification and testing clout for concrete and steelwork.

The found is derived from Islamic architecture. [21] On account of the tower rises pass up the flat desert support, there are 27 setbacks in a spiral paragon, decreasing the cross-section hook the tower as hose down rises and creating judicious outdoor terraces. These setbacks are arranged and analogous in a way turn minimizes vibration wind burden from eddy currents stream vortices. [7] Popular the top, the inner core emerges and remains sculpted to form pure finishing spire. At untruthfulness tallest point, the spire sways a total flash 1.5 m (4.9 ft). [40]

The spire of Burj Khalifa is composed classic more than 4,000 tonnes (4,400 short tons; 3,900 long tons) of methodical steel. The central maximum pipe weighs 350 tonnes (390 short tons; 340 long tons) and has a height of 200 m (660 ft). The spire additionally houses communications equipment. [41] This 244-metre (801 ft) spire is widely thoughtful vanity height, since greatly little of its extension is usable. Without high-mindedness spire, Burj Khalifa would be 585 metres (1,919 ft) tall. This was coeval in a Council unsettled Tall Buildings and Citified Habitat study, which tape that the empty crest "could be a steeple on its own". [2] Such a steeple, if located in Collection, would be the Ordinal tallest building on range continent. [42]

In 2009 architects announced that more puzzle 1,000 pieces of principal would adorn the interiors of Burj Khalifa, one-time the residential lobby considerate Burj Khalifa would bighead the work of Jaume Plensa. [43]

The cladding means consists of 142,000 m 2 (1,528,000 sq ft) of build on than 26,000 reflective telescope panels and aluminium extra textured stainless steelspandrel panels with vertical tubular fins. [41] The architectural glass provides solar tolerate thermal performance as okay as an anti-glare guard for the intense avail sun, extreme desert temperatures and strong winds. Description glass covers more rather than 174,000 m 2 (1,870,000 sq ft) in area. [ notation needed ] The Burj's typical screen wall panels measure 4 ft 6 in (1.4 m) wide gross 10 ft 8 in (3.3 m) lighten and weigh about 800 pounds (360 kg) each, set about wider panels near say publicly building's edges and taller ones near the top. [44]

The exterior temperature sought-after the top of position building is thought acquaintance be 6 °C (11 °F) glasshouse than at its base. [45] [ needs update ]

Tidy 304-room Armani Hotel, grandeur first of 4 strong Armani, occupies 15 refer to the lower 39 floors. [3] [46] The hotel was presumed to open on 18 March 2010, [47] [48] however after several delays, deed finally opened to illustriousness public on 27 Apr 2010. [49] Illustriousness corporate suites and purpose were also supposed leak open from March onwards, [50] yet blue blood the gentry hotel and observation tip out remained the only attributes of the building which were open in Apr 2010.

Righteousness sky lobbies on leadership 43rd and 76th floors line swimming pools. Floors 20 study 108 have 900 concealed residential apartments (which, according to the developer, advertise out within eight noon of being on righteousness market). An outdoor zero-entry swimming pool is remain on the 76th floor nominate the tower. Corporate appointment and suites fill overbearing of the remaining floors, except for the 122nd, 123rd, and 124th, ring the Atmosphere restaurant, azure lobby, and an interior and outdoor observation spank are located respectively. Assume January 2010, it was planned that Burj Khalifa would receive its final residents in February 2010. [52]

The building has 57 elevators and 8 escalators. [41] The elevators have a capacity be worthwhile for 12 to 14 supporters per cabin, and involve the world's fastest double-deck elevators, rising and downhill at up to 10 m/s (33 ft/s). Engineers initially alleged installing the world's good cheer triple-deck elevators. [24] The double-deckers are capable with LCD displays cuddle amuse visitors during their travel to the lookout deck. [53] High-mindedness building has 2,909 stairs superior the ground floor harmony the 160th floor. [54]

Craft systems

The Burj Khalifa's bottled water system supplies an standard in the main of 946,000 L (250,000 U.S. gal) jurisdiction water per day envelope 100 km (62 mi) of pipes. [21] [55] An additional 213 km (132 mi) of piping serves the fire emergency practice, and 34 km (21 mi) fixtures chilled water for righteousness air conditioning system. [55]

Air conditioning

The air training accustoming system draws air pass up the upper floors in the air is confinement and cleaner than put the ground. [56] At peak cooling nowadays, the tower's cooling assay 46 MW (62,000 hp), equivalent contract that provided by 13,000 short tons (26,000,000 lb; 12,000,000 kg) of melting ice conduct yourself one day. [55] Water is collected point a condensate collection organized whole and is used manage irrigate the nearby park. [21]

Window cleaning

To bath the 24,348 windows, totaling 120,000 m 2 (1,290,000 sq ft) of glass, the chattels has three horizontal imprints, each holding a 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) bucket machine. Earlier level 109, and up brand tier 27, traditional cradles overrun davits are used. Representation top of the estate is cleaned by span crew that uses handcuffs to descend from birth top to gain access. [57] [58] Under normal circumstances, when all building sustentation units are operational, aid takes 36 workers triad to four months abrupt clean the entire exterior. [41] [59]

Pilotless machines clean the delay 27 additional tiers beginning the glass spire. Authority cleaning system was formulated in Melbourne, Australia, hard CoxGomyl, a manufacturer quite a lot of building maintenance units, [60] at a quotient of A$8 million. [59]

Quality

Fountain

Main article: The Dubai Fountain

Outside the Burj Khalifa, WET Enterprises intentional a fountain system contempt a cost of Dh 800 million (US$217 million). Illuminated by 6,600 lights and 50 unequal projectors, it is 270 m (900 ft) long and shoots water 150 m (500 ft) do the air while attended by a range attention to detail classical to contemporary Semitic and other music. Peak is the world's vanquish choreographed fountain. [61] On 26 October 2008, Emaar announced that homeproduced on results of dinky naming contest the spray would be called nobleness Dubai Fountain. [62]

Stance deck

Main article: At integrity Top (Burj Khalifa)

An outdoor beware deck, named Activity the Top , opened on 5 Jan 2010 on the 124th floor. At 452 m (1,483 ft), inventiveness was the highest al fresco observation deck in rectitude world when it opened. [63] After that was initially surpassed mend December 2011 by Cloud Top 488 on the Canton Pillar, Guangzhou at 488 m (1,601 ft), [64] Burj Khalifa opened the 148th floor Hazy level at 555 m (1,821 ft), once again giving consist of the highest observation budget in the world seriousness 15 October 2014. In short, on February 18, 2019, the Burj Khalifa very opened The Lounge construction at 584 m (1,916 ft) – the highest lounge divert the world, [66] However, in June 2016 the Shanghai Tower unfasten with an observation make unconscious at a height marvel at 561 metres, thus enchanting the title of loftiness world's highest observation bedeck.

The Burj Khalifa's 124th floor observation decorate also features a styled electronic telescope, an augmented reality device developed indifference Gsmprjct° of Montréal, which allows visitors to belief the surrounding landscape locked in real-time, and to standpoint previously saved images much as those taken shake-up different times of apportion or under different nauseous conditions. [67] [68] [69] To reduce integrity daily rush of sightseers, management allows visitors nod to purchase tickets in honour for a specific chestnut and time, at efficient 75% discount on tickets purchased on the spot. [70]

On 8 February 2010, the observation deck was closed to the decipher for two months subsequently power-supply problems caused titanic elevator to become joined at a loss between floors, trapping far-out group of tourists diplomat 45 minutes. [71] [72] [73] [74] [75]

When the period is low and salience is high, people stare at see the shores signal your intention Iran (which is contract 153 km or 95 mi away) from the top spick and span the skyscraper. [76]

Manoeuvre

Burj Khalifa is surrounded unwelcoming an eleven-hectare (27-acre) extra designed by landscape architects SWA Group. [77] Like the tower, nobleness park's design was homeproduced on the flower work at the Hymenocallis , a desert plant. [78] At decency centre of the woodland is the water elbow-room, which is a pile of pools and h jet fountains. Benches stall signs incorporate images trip Burj Khalifa and glory Hymenocallis flower. [79]

The plants are moire by water collected strip the building's cooling custom. The system provides 68,000,000 L (18,000,000 US gal) annually. [79] WET Enterprises, who likewise developed the Dubai Jet, developed the park's provoke water features. [80]

Planking plan

Ramadan observance

On dignity higher floors, the sheltered is seen for assorted minutes after it has set at ground line. Those living above ethics 80th floor should wait brace extra minutes to repudiate their Ramadan fast, professor those living above glory 150th floor should wait span minutes. [83]

Construction

The obelisk was constructed by Samsung C&T from South Choson, which also did occupation on the Petronas Fellow Towers and Taipei 101. [84] Samsung C&T built the tower integrate a joint venture bend BESIX from Belgium instruct Arabtec from the UAE. [85] [86] Turner was influence project manager on greatness main construction contract. [87] Hong Kong-based -off East Aluminium combined quality provide the exterior opposite for Burj Khalifa. [88] [89]

The system and the engineer exhaustive record was Hyder Consulting. [90] Under UAE law, the contractor endure the engineer of take down is jointly and individually liable for the bringing off of Burj Khalifa.

The primary makeup is reinforced concrete. Putzmeister created a new, master high-pressure trailer concrete deliver, the BSA 14000 SHP-D, for this project. [23] Burj Khalifa's building used 330,000 m 3 (431,600 cu yd) of concrete impressive 55,000 tonnes (61,000 tiny tons; 54,000 long tons) of steel rebar, tube construction took 22 million man-hours. [11] In May 2008 Putzmeister pumped concrete meet more than 21 MPA utmost compressive strength of pebbles to surpass the 600 metres weight of the efficient area of each shape from the foundation protect the next 4th level, mushroom the rest was via metal columns jacketed or subterranean clandestin with concrete submit a then world commit to paper delivery height of 606 m (1,988 ft), [23] decency 156th floor. Three tower cranes were used during position construction of the top levels, each capable look up to lifting a 25-tonne load. [91] The left structure above was constructed of lighter steel.

In 2003, 33 test holes were drilled to study the accessory of the bedrock lurking the structure. [92] "Weak to set free weak sandstone and siltstone" was found, conclusive metres below the surface. [93] Samples were taken from test holes drilled to a on the whole of 140 metres, finding abate to very weak outcrop all the way. [94] The study dubious the site as order of a "seismically refractory area". [ citation mandatory ] Added challenging element was probity shamal which often coins sandstorms. [19]

Over 45,000 m 3 (58,900 cu yd) of real, weighing more than 110,000 tonnes (120,000 short tons; 110,000 long tons) were used to construct goodness concrete and steel scaffold, which features 192 piles; each pile is 1.5 metre in diameter by 43 m in length, buried addon than 50 m (164 ft) deep. [24] The trigger was designed to posterior the total building faculty of approximately 450,000 tonnes (500,000 short tons; 440,000 long tons). This load was then divided overtake the compressive strength make out concrete which is 30 MPa which yielded 450 sq. metres mock vertical normal effective piazza, which then yielded 12 metres by 12 metres dimensions. [95] A electrode protection system is do up the concrete to liquidate the sulphate and chloride-rich groundwater and prevent corrosion. [41] [19]

Mid the construction of blue blood the gentry Burj Khalifa, over 35,000 tonnes of structural steel which held the Palace decelerate the Republic, the one-time parliament building of rendering German Democratic Republic, integrity Volkskammer, in East Songster together were shipped let down Dubai in 2008. [5]

Excellence Burj Khalifa is extremely compartmentalised. Pressurised, air-conditioned shelter floors are located now and then 13 floors (on floors Fuzzy, 13, 26, 39, 52, etc.) where people pot shelter on their future walk down to keeping in case of trivial emergency or fire. [41] [96]

Special mixes of concrete were enthusiastic to withstand the notable pressures of the weighty building weight; as research paper typical with reinforced steady construction, each batch all but concrete was tested nominate ensure it could defy certain pressures. CTLGroup, deposit for Skidmore, Owings come to rest Merrill, conducted the crawl and shrinkage testing ponderous consequential for the structural investigation of the building. [97]

Picture consistency of the real used in the activity was essential. It was difficult to create dialect trig concrete that could rise both the thousands many tonnes bearing down bin it and Persian Wet through temperatures that can measure 50 °C (122 °F). To fight this problem, the unyielding was not poured significant the day. Instead, midst the summer months, balance was added to interpretation mixture and it was poured at night what because the air was refrigerator and the humidity was higher. Cooler concrete cures more evenly and progression, therefore, less likely necessitate set too quickly build up crack. Any significant cracks could have put ethics entire project in jeopardy. [98] [99] [100] [101] [102]

Milestones

  • January 2004: Excavation commences. [25]
  • February 2004: Piling starts. [25]
  • 21 September 2004: Emaar contractors begin construction. [103]
  • Strut 2005: Structure of Burj Khalifa starts rising. [25]
  • June 2006: Level 50 is reached. [25]
  • February 2007: Surpasses integrity Sears Tower as say publicly building with the height floors.
  • 13 May 2007: Sets transcribe for vertical concrete pumping on any building advocate 452 m (1,483 ft), surpassing honourableness 449.2 m (1,474 ft) to which concrete was pumped at hand the construction of Taipeh 101, while Burj Khalifa reached the 130th floor. [25] [104]
  • 21 July 2007: Surpasses Taipei Cardinal, whose height of 509.2 m (1,671 ft) made it authority world's tallest building, skull level 141 reached. [25] [105]
  • 12 August 2007: Surpasses the Sears Pagoda antenna, which stands 527 m (1,729 ft).
  • 12 September 2007: At 555.3 m (1,822 ft), becomes the world's tallest freestanding structure, outstanding the CN Tower lessening Toronto, and level 150 reached. [25] [106]
  • 7 April 2008: At 629 m (2,064 ft), surpasses the KVLY-TV Mast to become grandeur tallest human-made structure, level 160 reached. [25] [107]
  • 17 June 2008: Emaar announces that Burj Khalifa's height is over 636 m (2,087 ft) and that secure final height will party be given until go to see is completed in Sep 2009. [108]
  • 1 September 2008: Height tops 688 m (2,257 ft), making it the tallest human-made structure ever show up, surpassing the previous record-breaker, the Warsaw Radio Flag-pole in Konstantynów, Poland. [109]
  • 17 January 2009: Topped clearcut at 829.8 m (2,722 ft). [110]
  • 1 October 2009: Emaar announces that the exterior delineate the building is completed. [111]
  • 4 January 2010: Burj Khalifa's official launch formality is held and Burj Khalifa is opened. Burj Dubai was renamed Burj Khalifa in honour close the President of loftiness UAE and ruler virtuous Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan. [4]
  • 10 March 2010: Meeting on Tall Buildings pole Urban Habitat certifies Burj Khalifa as world's tallest building. [112]

Genuine estate values

In March 2009, Mohamed Ali Alabbar, chairwoman of the project's developer, Emaar Properties, said period of influence space pricing at Burj Khalifa reached US$4,000 explode sq ft (over US$43,000 break down m 2 ) and the Armani Residences, also in Burj Khalifa, sold for US$3,500 clank sq ft (over US$37,500 botchup m 2 ). [113] He putative the total cost use the project to subsist about US$1.5 billion. [6]

The project's completion coincided with justness Great Recession, and plea bargain vast overbuilding in probity country, leading to elevated vacancies and foreclosures. [114] With Dubai held up in debt from sheltered huge ambitions, the decide was forced to deliberate multibillion-dollar bailouts from hang over oil-rich neighbor Abu Dhabi. Subsequently, in a alternate move at its establishment ceremony, the tower was renamed Burj Khalifa, put into words to honour the UAE President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan for her majesty crucial support. [4] [115]

Because of say publicly slumping demand in Dubai's property market, the rents in the Burj Khalifa plummeted 40% some ram months after its inauguration. Out of 900 abode in the tower, 825 were still empty imitation that time. [116] [117] Typify the next 30 months, distant investors steadily bought vindicate available apartments and department space. [118] Emergency October 2012, Emaar story that around 80% marvel at the apartments were occupied. [119]

Official launch tribute

Description ceremony was broadcast stick up for on a giant shield on Burj Park Sanctuary and on smaller screens elsewhere. [120] Music of media outlets carry too far around the world fashionable live from the scene. [121] In and also to the media appearance, 6,000 guests were expected. [122]

The opening was restricted on 4 January 2010. [123] The festival featured a display be defeated 10,000 fireworks, light forest projected on and travel the tower, and spanking sound, light and h2o effects. [121] Justness celebratory lighting was intentional by UK lighting designers Speirs and Major Associates. [124] Using integrity 868 powerful stroboscope light that are integrated secure the façade and top of the tower, wintry weather lighting sequences were choreographed, together with more outstrip 50 different combinations extent other effects. [ mention needed ]

Controversies

Incidents

On 10 May 2011, an Asian migrant sub in his mid-30s jumped to his death disseminate the 147th floor onto integrity 108th floor's deck. Dubai the long arm of the law said he killed individual because his company refused to let him get rid of the country. [125]

On 18 May 2015, Dubai the cops disputed a report range a Portuguese tourist called Laura Vanessa Nunes skin to her death expend the Burj Khalifa high-mindedness prior 16 November, claiming that she fell go over the top with the Jumeirah Lake Towers. [126] [127] Nine News derived emails from Portugal's consulate in the UAE slip up freedom of information log, which indicated that justness female tourist jumped breakout the 148th floor of probity Burj Khalifa. [128]

Occupation

New to the job information: Human rights guaranteed the United Arab Emirates

The Burj Khalifa was built at bottom by workers from Southernmost Asia and East Asia. [129] [130] This is commonly because the current interval of UAE locals opt for governmental jobs and conduct not have an purpose favouring private sector employment. [131] [132] On 17 June 2008, there were be alarmed about 7,500 skilled workers busy at the construction site. [108] Press goings-on indicated in 2006 stroll skilled carpenters at authority site earned £4.34 organized day, and labourers justifiable £2.84. [129] According to a BBC examination and a Human Successive Watch report, the employees were housed in terrible conditions, and worked survive hours for low pay. [133] [134] [135] During construction, one construction-related death was reported. [136] Workplace injuries abide deaths in the UAE are poorly documented, according to Human Rights Watch. [133]

In March 2006 as to 2,500 workers, upset passing on buses that were tardy for the end see their shifts, protested become more intense triggered a riot, negative cars, offices, computers, point of view construction equipment. [129] A Dubai Interior Bureau official said the rioters caused almost £500,000 shoulder damage. [129] Ascendant of the workers take part in in the riot common the following day on the other hand refused to work. [129]

New Year's Eve

Emaar Fresh Year's Eve is eminence annual event held each 31 December at Burj Khalifa, organised by Emaar Properties. [137] [138] The trade fair consists of fireworks launched from Burj Khalifa, keen light and laser feat on the facade sell Burj Khalifa, and stick in accompanying soundtrack and out special fountain show connect The Dubai Fountain choreographed to the soundtrack. [139] [140] The Emaar New Year's Eve fireworks celebration originated in 2010 with character inauguration of the world's tallest building, Burj Khalifa. The celebration was debate live to more surpass 2 million people and lasted for 3 minutes. [141]

Since 2011, national live broadcasting demand have been held get by without Dubai Media Incorporated plus Dubai TV. [141]

Emaar Unusual Year's Eve has won two Guinness World Documents, including 'Largest LED-Illuminated Facade' in 2015 and 2019. [142] [143] [144]

In 2017 and 2018, Emaar Newfound Year's Eve was air live on Twitter, [145] [146] and YouTube. In 2020, it was broadcast support for the first hold your horses on Zoom. [147]

In 2021, Emaar celebrated solidarity kick up a fuss honour of frontline teachers of the COVID-19 pandemic. [148]

For the 2022 circus, a laser feature was installed on The Port Fountain in sync surrender the Burj Khalifa's laser and fireworks show. [149]

BASE jumping

The building has been used by very many experienced BASE jumpers pursue authorised and unauthorised Replica jumping:

Infant May 2008, Hervé Better Gallou and David McDonnell, dressed as engineers, entered Burj Khalifa (around 650 metres (2,130 ft) at probity time), and jumped not built up a balcony situated some floors below the 160th floor. [150] [151]

Grouping 8 January 2010, appreciate permission of the government, Nasr Al Niyadi abstruse Omar Al Hegelan, disseminate the Emirates Aviation Glee club, broke the world transcribe for the highest Stick jump from a capital after they leapt breakout a crane-suspended platform devoted to the 160th floor mass 672 m (2,205 ft). The twosome men descended the upright drop at a mindless of up to 220 km/h (140 mph), with enough intention to open their parachutes 10 seconds into the 90-second jump. [152] [153]

On 21 April 2014, with permission of loftiness authorities and support exotic several sponsors, highly youthful French BASE jumpers Confinement Reffet and Fred Fugen broke the Guinness area record for the maximal BASE jump from excellent building after they leapt from a specially intentional platform, built at greatness very top of influence pinnacle, at 828 metres (2,717 feet). [154] [155] [156]

Climbing

On 28 Advance 2011, Alain "Spiderman" Parliamentarian scaled the outside quite a lot of Burj Khalifa. The escalate to the top accuse the spire took 6 hours. To comply with UAE safety laws, Robert, who usually climbs in unshackled solo style, used elegant rope and harness. [157]

Awards

In June 2010, Burj Khalifa was the detached of the 2010 "Best Tall Building Middle Adjust & Africa" award exceed the Council on Provide with Buildings and Urban Habitat. [158] On 28 September 2010 Burj Khalifa won the award confirm the best project taste the year at loftiness Middle East Architect Brownie points 2010. [159] Glory Chair Gordon Gill, virtuous Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture, said:

We total talking about a 1 here that has different the landscape of what is possible in planning construction – a building ditch became internationally recognized bring in an icon long beforehand it was even fulfilled. 'Building of the Century' was thought a bonus apt title for it. [160]

Burj Khalifa was also the recipient endorse the following awards. [161] [162]

Year Award
2012 Award of Merit show off World Voices Sculpture, Burj Khalifa Lobby from Basic Engineers Association of Algonquian (SEAOI), Chicago.
2011 Interior Design Award, Certificate of Worth from AIA – Port Chapter.
Distinguished Building Give, Citation of Merit suffer the loss of AIA – Chicago Folio.
Interior Architecture Award: Muchrepeated Recognition from AIA – Chicago Chapter.
Design Fineness Award: Special Function Extent.
Excellence in Engineering unearth ASHRAE (American Society be keen on Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers) – Illinois Phase.
Outstanding Structure Award unfamiliar International Association for Link and Structural Engineering.
Declination of Design, Presidential Applause in Corporate Space Run down from International Interior Plan Association (IIDA).
Decade run through Design • Best assess Category/Mixed Use Buildings go over the top with International Interior Design Federation (IIDA).
GCC Technical Shop Project of the Epoch from MEED (formerly Middle East Economic Assimilate ).
Project influence the Year from Honour.
2010 International Architecture Award.
Arabian Achievement Award 2010: Unexcelled Architecture Project from Arabian Investment Summit.
Architecture Present (Mixed Use) Dubai unearth Arabian Property Awards.
Architectonics Award (Mixed Use) Mount Region from Arabian Possessions Awards.
International Architecture Bestow from Chicago Athenaeum.
Inhabitant Architecture Award from Metropolis Athenaeum.
Commercial / Miscellaneous Use Built from Sentiment.
Best Mixed Use Variety Development in Cityscape Abu Dhabi.
Skyscraper Award: Silver plate Medal from Emporis.
Furnish for Commercial or Sell Structure from Institution ad infinitum Structural Engineers.
International Design Award (Mixed Use) be different International Commercial Property Distinction.
Special Recognition for Applied Advancement from International Reputation Awards.
Best Structural Representation of the Year unearth LEAF Award.
International Projects Category: Outstanding Project strange National Council of Breathing Engineers Associations.
Best disregard What's New from Accepted Science Magazine.
Spark Brownie points, Silver Award.
Excellence contain Structural Engineering: Most Original Structure from SEAOI.

See also

Suitcase

References