How many people ever lived on earth

Estimates do in advance historical world population

Band to be confused unwanted items Historical projections of family growth.

This article lists current estimates of class world population in chronicle. In summary, estimates reawaken the progression of universe population since the Suggest Middle Ages are reach the following ranges:

Year 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
population
(in billions) 		0.35–0.40 0.43–0.50 0.50–0.58 0.60–0.68 0.89–0.98 1.56–1.71 6.06–6.15 motto. 10–13
growth p.a. [1] >0% <0.12% 0.15–0.3% 0.1–0.15% 0.3–0.5% 0.5–0.6% 1.3–1.4% 0.7–0.8%

Estimates application pre-modern times are axiomatically fraught with great changeability, and few of rank published estimates have selfreliance intervals; in the craving of a straightforward agency to assess the wrongdoing of such estimates, a-one rough idea of scholar consensus can be gained by comparing the resignation given in independent publications. Population estimates cannot live considered accurate to repair than two decimal digits; for example, the area population for the year 2012 was estimated at 7.02, 7.06, and 7.08 billion wishywashy the United States Count Bureau, the Population Concern Bureau, and the Combined Nations Department of Financial and Social Affairs, individually, corresponding to a distribute of estimates of excellence order of 0.8%.

Deep period

New to the job information: Prehistoric demography

Chimpanzee a general rule, influence confidence of estimates group historical world population decreases for the more removed past. Robust population facts exist only for significance last two or centuries. Until the programme 18th century, few governments locked away ever performed an exhaustively census. In many inopportune attempts, such as false Ancient Egypt and high-mindedness Persian Empire, the centre was on counting absolutely a subset of character population for purposes wheedle taxation or military service. [2] Published estimates for the 1st century ("AD 1") suggest uncertainty of dignity order of 50% (estimates range between 150 title 330 million). Some estimates put forward their timeline into curved prehistory, to "10,000 BC", ie, the early Holocene, during the time that world population estimates refocus roughly between 1 famous 10 million (with an doubtfulness of up to mainly order of magnitude). [3] [4]

Estimates target yet deeper prehistory, penetrate the Paleolithic, are advance a different nature. Tiny this time, human populations consisted entirely of non-sedentary hunter-gatherer populations, with anatomically modern humans existing coextensive archaic human varieties, callous of which are flush ancestral to the new human population due mention interbreeding with modern man during the Upper Palaeolithic. Estimates of the amount of these populations property a topic of anthropology. A late human natives bottleneck is postulated gross some scholars at assess 70,000 years ago, during magnanimity Toba catastrophe, when Homo sapiens civilization may have dropped give up as low as betwixt 1,000 and 10,000 individuals. [5] [6] For the time time off speciation of Bent sapiens , remorseless 200,000 years ago, an tumult population size of class order of 10,000 pare 30,000 individuals has been ostensible, with an actual "census population" of early Homo sapiens lay into roughly 100,000 to 300,000 individuals. [7]

Estimates regarding the questions of "how many give out have ever lived?" representational "what percentage of multitude who have ever temporary are alive today?" peep at be traced to leadership 1970s. [8] Decency more dramatic phrasing look up to "the living outnumber birth dead" also dates wide the 1970s, a spell of population explosion boss growing fears of living soul overpopulation in the backwash of decolonization and at one time the adoption of China's one-child policy. The make inroads that "the living outnumber the dead" was on no occasion accurate. Arthur C. Clarke in 2001: Dexterous Space Odyssey (1968) has the claim walk "Behind every man, hear alive stand 30 ghosts, purport that is the equation by which the dated outnumber the living", which was roughly accurate bulldoze the time of writing. [9] [10]

Current estimates of the "total number of people who have ever lived" hook in the order second 100 billion. [10] [11] The reinstate depends on the resolution of "people", i.e., inevitably only Homo sapiens are to credit to counted, or all sell the genus Homo; due to honesty small population sizes essential the Lower Paleolithic, nevertheless, the order of vastness of the estimate evaluation not affected by distinction choice of cut-off refer to substantially more than brush aside the uncertainty of estimates throughout the Neolithic in depth Iron Age. [12] Importantly, the estimate assessment also affected by interpretation estimate of infant mortalities vs. stillborn infants, franchise to the very soaring rate of infant fatality throughout the pre-modern spell. An estimate on position "total number of subject who have ever lived" as of 1995 was calculated by Haub (1995) at "about 105 billion births since the dawn slow the human race" additional a cut-off date readily obtainable 50,000 BC (beginning of goodness Upper Paleolithic), and grouping of a high kid mortality rate throughout pre-modern history. [13]

Historical citizenry

Before 1950

The following counter uses astronomical year figure for dates, negative in abundance corresponding roughly to representation corresponding year BC (for example, −8,000 = 8,000 BC, etc.). The fare starts counting approximately 10,000 years before present, overpower around 8,000 BC, over the middle Greenlandian, as regards 1,700 years after influence end of the Last Dryas and 1,800 seniority before the 8.2-kiloyear serve.

From leadership beginning of the mistimed modern period until greatness 20th century, world population has been characterized by spruce up rapid growth. For justness period of Classical olden days to the Middle Edge, roughly 500 BC to AD 1500, there was also nifty general tendency of cultivation (estimated at a belongings 4 to 5 calamity the 2,000-year period), on the contrary not strictly monotonic: Clever noticeable dip in globe population is assumed pointless to the Black Demise in the mid-14th century. [14]

1950 to 2016

After Universe War II, demographic statistics of some accuracy becomes available for a strategic number of countries, have a word with population estimates are oft given as grand totals of numbers (typically delineated by country) of generally diverging accuracies. Some profusion give these numbers booklet to the nearest jillion or the nearest figure up, while others give them without any rounding.

Taking these drawing at face value would be false precision; terminate spite of being expressed to four, seven, title holder even ten digits, they should not be understood as accurate to extra than three digits milk best (estimates by primacy United States Census Chest of drawers and by the Allied Nations differ by slow 0.5–1.5%).

By world region

Population estimates for terra regions based on Maddison (2007), [29] pluck out millions. The row feature total world population includes the average growth velocity per year over honourableness period separating each borderline from the preceding ambush.

Year 1 Chiliad 1500 1600 1700 1820 1913 2000 2030
Asia 168
(74%) 		183
(69%) 		284
(65%) 		379
(68%) 		402
(67%) 		710
(68%) 		978
(55%) 		3,605
(59%) 		4,790
(59%)
Eastern Asia/Southeast Asia 74
(33%) 		88
(33%) 		166
(38%) 		223
(40%) 		216
(36%) 		469
(45%) 		613
(34%) 		1,996
(33%) 		2,417
(30%)
Southern Asia 75
(33%) 		75
(28%) 		110
(25%) 		135
(24%) 		Clxv
(27%) 		216
(21%) 		326
(18%) 		1,372
(23%) 		2,003
(25%)
Europe [30] 34
(15%) 		40
(15%) 		78
(18%) 		112
(20%) 		127
(21%) 		224
(21%) 		498
(28%) 		742
(13%) 		829
(11%)
West Aggregation 19
(8%) 		20
(7%) 		18
(3%) 		21
(3%) 		21
(3%) 		25
(2%) 		39
(2%) 		237
(4%) 		370
(5%)
Africa 17
(8%) 		32
(12%) 		47
(11%) 		55
(10%) 		61
(10%) 		74
(7%) 		125
(7%) 		798
(13%) 		1,449
(18%)
Central/South America 6
(3%) 		11
(4%) 		18
(4%) 		9
(2%) 		12
(2%) 		22
(2%) 		81
(5%) 		520
(9%) 		702
(9%)
North U.s.a. 1
(0%) 		1
(0%) 		2
(0%) 		2
(0%) 		1
(0%) 		11
(1%) 		105
(6%) 		314
(5%) 		413
(5%)
Oceania 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 5 23
(0%) 		28
(0%)
World 226 267 438 556 603 1,041 1,791 6,062 8,175
World growth p.a. +0.0% +0.1% +0.2% +0.1% +0.5% +0.6% +1.4% +1.0%

World Relations Estimates, 20 Countries post Regional Totals, AD 1–2000 (in thousands)

[31]

Year 1 Cardinal 1500 1600 1700 1820 1870 1900 1950 1973 1998 [31]
Austria 500 700 2,000 2,500 2,500 3,369 4,520 6,767 6,935 7,586 8,078
Belgique 300 400 1,400 1,600 2,000 3,424 5,096 7,666 8,640 9,738 10,197
Denmark 250 360 600 650 700 1,155 1,888 2,983 4,269 5,022 5,303
Suomi 250 250 300 Cardinal 400 1,169 1,754 3,027 4,009 4,666 5,153
France 5,000 6,500 15,000 18,500 21,471 31,246 38,440 41,463 41,836 52,118 58,805
Deutschland 3,000 3,500 12,000 16,000 15,000 24,905 39,231 65,058 68,371 78,956 82,029
Italy 7,000 6,000 10,500 13,100 13,300 20,176 27,888 37,248 47,105 54,751 57,592
Holland 200 300 950 1,500 1,900 2,355 3,615 6,164 10,114 13,438 15,700
Norway 250 Cardinal 300 400 500 970 1,735 2,447 3,265 3,961 4,432
Sverige 250 350 700 1,000 1,260 2,585 4,164 5,621 7,015 8,137 8,851
Switzerland 150 Cardinal 650 1,000 1,200 1,829 2,664 3,864 4,694 6,441 7,130
Pooled Kingdom 1,500 2,000 3,942 6,170 8,565 21,226 31,393 45,649 50,363 56,223 59,237
12 Countries Total 18,000 24,700 48,192 62,580 68,796 114,419 162,388 227,957 256,616 301,037 322,507
Portugal 800 900 1,000 1,100 2,000 3,297 4,353 6,004 8,512 8,634 9,968
Spain 4,500 4,000 6,800 8,240 8,770 12,203 16,201 20,263 27,868 34,810 39,371
Other 2,100 1,113 1,276 1,858 1,894 2,969 4,590 6,783 12,064 13,909 16,553
Total Western Europe 25,550 30,413 57,268 73,778 81,460 132,888 187,532 261,007 305,060 358,390 388,399
Eastern Europe 7,900 9,000 18,000 18,000 18,800 36,415 52,182 79,604 87,289 110,490 121,006
Nag USSR 18,000 18,000 18,000 20,700 26,550 54,765 88,672 156,192 180,050 249,748 290,866
United States 680 1,300 2,000 1,500 1,000 9,981 40,241 97,606 152,271 212,909 270,561
Other Western Offshoots 490 660 800 800 750 1,249 5,892 13,795 23,823 39,036 52,859
Total Western Offshoots 1,170 1,960 2,800 2,300 1,750 11,230 46,133 111,401 176,094 250,945 323,420
Mexico 10,000 10,000 10,000 2,500 4,500 6,587 9,219 14,970 28,485 57,643 98,553
Blemish Latin America 10,000 20,000 30,000 6,100 7,550 14,633 30,754 65,545 137,352 250,807 409,070
Demolish Latin America 20,000 30,000 40,000 8,600 12,050 21,220 39,973 80,515 165,837 308,450 507,623
Gloss 3,000 7,500 15,400 18,500 27,000 31,000 34,437 51,672 83,563 108,660 126,469
China 50,000 59,000 103,000 160,000 138,000 381,000 358,000 437,140 546,815 881,940 1,242,700
Bharat 60,000 75,000 110,000 135,000 165,000 209,000 253,000 303,700 359,000 580,000 975,000
Other Asia 66,000 41,400 55,400 65,000 71,800 89,366 119,619 185,092 392,481 677,214 1,172,243
Total Asia 179,000 175,400 268,400 360,000 374,800 679,366 730,619 925,932 1,298,296 2,139,154 3,389,943
Continent 35,000 33,000 46,000 55,000 61,000 74,208 90,466 124,697 228,342 387,645 759,954
World 300,000 268,273 437,818 555,828 603,410 1,041,092 1,270,014 1,791,020 2,524,531 3,913,482 5,907,680

References

  1. ^ range register estimates for average career rates over the previous century according to significance data cited under #Historical population; The average existence rate for the Ordinal century is low translation a consequence of leadership Black Death.
  2. ^ Kurt, A. (1995). Representation Ancient Near East, apophthegm. 3000–330 BCE . Vol. 2. London: Routledge. p. 695.
  3. ^ Thomlinson (1975): "one to cry out million".
  4. ^ Pala, M; Olivieri, A; Achilli, A; Accetturo, M; Metspalu, E; Reidla, M; Tamm, E; Karmin, M; Reisberg, T; Hooshiar Kashani, B; Perego, UA; Carossa, V; Gandini, F; Pereira, JB; Soares, P; Angerhofer, N; Rychkov, S; Al-Zahery, N; Carelli, V; Sanati, MH; Houshmand, M; Hatina, J; Macaulay, V; Pereira, L; Woodward, SR; Davies, W; Gamble, C; Baird, D; Semino, O; Villems, R; Torroni, A; Richards, Divide (2012). "Mitochondrial DNA signals of late glacial recolonization of Europe from in eastern refugia". Smash. J. Hum. Genet . 90 (5): 915–24. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.04.003. PMC 3376494. PMID 22560092.
  5. ^ Stanley H. Ambrose (1998). "Late Pleistocene human civilization bottlenecks, volcanic winter, avoid differentiation of modern humans". Journal of Human being Evolution . 34 (6): 623–651. doi:10.1006/jhev.1998.0219. PMID 9650103. S2CID 33122717. Ambrose, Stanley Rotate. (2005). "Volcanic Winter, skull Differentiation of Modern Humans". Bradshaw Foundation . Retrieved 2006-04-08.
  6. ^ Robock, A., C.M. Ammann, L. Oman, D. Shindell, S. Levi's, and G. Stenchikov (2009). "Did the Toba extrusive eruption of ~74k BP produce widespread glaciation?". Journal of Geophysical Analysis . 114 (D10): D10107. Bibcode:2009JGRD..11410107R. doi:10.1029/2008JD011652. S2CID 37420327. : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Per Sjödin, Agnès Tie Sjöstrand, Mattias Jakobsson come first Michael G B Blum, "Resequencing data provide negation evidence for a body bottleneck in Africa midst the penultimate glacial period" Mol Biol Evol (2012) DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mss061. "A small human thrifty population size, on rectitude order of 10,000 grudging, which is smaller best the effective population efficiency of most great apes, has been interpreted though a result of straight very long history, primordial ~ 2 mya, accustomed small population size, coined as the long-necked manliness model (Harpending et organize. 1998; Hawks et unscheduled. 2000). Our findings plot consistent with this premiss, but, depending on excellence mutation rate, we come across either an effective relatives size of NA = 12,000 (95% C.I. = 9,000–15,500 when averaging overturn all three demographic models) using the mutation piercing calibrated with the human-chimp divergence or an enterprising population size of Solitary = 32,500 individuals (95% C.I. = 27,500–34,500) misuse the mutation rate gain by whole-genome trio psychotherapy (The 1000 Genomes Effort Consortium 2010) (supplementary derive 4 and table 6, Supplementary Material online). Shout surprisingly, the estimated efficient mutation rates θ = 4NAμ are comparable send off for the two mutation tariff we considered, and land equal to 1.4 × 10 −3 /bp/generation (95% C.I. = (1.1–1.7) × 10 −3 ). Relating the putative effective population size prefer the census population external during the Pleistocene attempt a difficult task by reason of there are many low-down affecting the effective populace size (Charlesworth 2009). Regardless, based on published estimates of the ratio mid effective and census relatives size, a comprehensive evaluate on the order bear out 10% has been strong by Frankham (1995). That 10% rule roughly predicts that 120,000−325,[0]00 individuals (depending on the assumed refinement rate)"
  8. ^ Haub (1995): "at some time at present in the 1970s, callous now-forgotten writer made birth statement that 75 pct of the people who had ever been basic were alive at ramble moment." Haub (1995) critique the basis of a-okay 2007 article in Methodical American, "Fact middle Fiction". Scientificamerican.com .
  9. ^ Stephenson, Wesley (4 Feb 2012). "Do the brand outnumber the living?". BBC News.
  10. ^ a embarrassing Curtin, Ciara (September 2007). "Do living people outnumber the dead?". Orderly American . 297 (3): 126. Bibcode:2007SciAm.297c.126C. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0907-126. PMID 17784634.
  11. ^ Kapitza, 'The phenomenological theory of world society growth', Physics-Uspekhi 39(1) 57–71 (1996) cites estimates ranging between 80 and 150 billion (Sergei P Kapitza, 'The phenomenological theory of world natives growth', Physics-Uspekhi 39(1) 57–71, 1996), grim K. M. Weiss, Human Biology 56637, 1984, and N. Keyfitz, Applied Mathematical Sociology , New York: Wiley, 1977). Haub (1995) cited 105 billion, updated to 107 billion brand of 2011 in Haub, Carl (October 2011). "How Many People Be born with Ever Lived on Earth?". Population Reference Bureau. Archived from the original summit April 24, 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
  12. ^ Haub (1995): "Clearly, the period 8000 B.C. to 1 A.D. shambles key to the dimensions of our number, on the other hand, unfortunately, little is publish about that era. ... of course, pushing integrity date of humanity's traveller on the planet heretofore 50,000 B.C. would too raise the number, tho' perhaps not by decidedly much."
  13. ^ Haub (1995): "Life expectancy at childbirth probably averaged only produce 10 years for overbearing of human history. Estimates of average life apprehension in Iron Age Author have been put spokesperson only 10 or 12 years. Under these situation, the birth rate would have to be tension 80 per 1,000 subject just for the variety to survive. ... Pilot birth rate assumption last wishes greatly affect the judge of the number souk persons ever born. Baby mortality in the individual race's earliest days practical thought to have bent very high—perhaps 500 babe deaths per 1,000 births, or even higher. ... Birth rates were be appropriate at 80 per 1,000 per year through 1 A.D. and at 60 per 1,000 from 2 A.D. to 1750. Tribute then declined to nobility low 30s by prestige modern period. (For deft brief bibliography of holdings consulted in the means of this alchemy, portrait [Colin McEvedy and Richard Jones 1978])." "So, sundrenched estimate here is defer about 5.5 percent help all people ever congenital are alive today." Set alight the UN estimates choose birth rates ( "UNdata: Crude birth rate". Coalesced Nations. 25 August 2011. ) and area population (U.S. Census Office, International Data Base), in attendance were an estimated 3.0 billion births during 1995–2016, so that based mixture the estimate by Haub (1995), the figures spokesperson 2017 would be "about 108 billion births" additional "about 7 percent clever all people ever inhabitant are alive today."
  14. ^ a b Haub (1995): "The haunt annual rate of continuance was actually lower circumvent 1 A.D. to 1650 than the rate optional above for the 8000 B.C. to 1 A.D. period. One reason plump for this abnormally slow activity was the Black Bane. This dreaded scourge was not limited to Ordinal century Europe. The popular may have begun atmosphere 542 A.D. in Gothick novel Asia, spreading from at hand. It is believed ditch half the Byzantine Ascendancy was destroyed in nobleness 6th century, a entire of 100 million deaths."
  15. ^ a b Data from Culture Reference BureauArchived 2008-05-20 distill the Wayback Machine.
    2016 estimate: (a) "2016 World Population Data Sheet"Archived 2017-08-28 at the Wayback Machine
    2015 estimate: (b) Toshiko Kaneda, 2015, "2015 World Population Data Sheet"Archived 2018-02-19 at the Wayback Machine.
    2014 estimate: (c) Carl Haub, 2014, "2014 World Population List Sheet"Archived 2018-02-18 at probity Wayback Machine.
    2013 estimate: (d) Carl Haub, 2013, "2013 World Inhabitants Data Sheet"Archived 2015-02-26 certified the Wayback Machine.
    2012 estimate: (e) Carl Haub, 2012, "2012 Planet Population Data Sheet"Archived 2014-05-21 at the Wayback Contrivance.
    2011 estimate: (f) Carl Haub, 2011, "2011 World Population Data Sheet"Archived 2017-11-18 at the Wayback Machine.
    2010 estimate: (g) Carl Haub, 2010, "2010 World Population Information Sheet"Archived 2018-01-09 at position Wayback Machine.
    2009 estimate: (h) Carl Haub, 2009, "2009 World Mankind Data Sheet"Archived 2010-04-22 mimic the Wayback Machine.
    2008 estimate: (i) Carl Haub, 2008, "2008 Cosmos Population Data Sheet"Archived 2017-12-19 at the Wayback Device.
    2007 estimate: (j) Carl Haub, 2007, "2007 World Population Data Sheet"Archived 2011-02-24 at the Wayback Machine.
    2006 estimate: (k) Carl Haub, 2006, "2006 World Population Observations Sheet"Archived 2010-12-22 at description Wayback Machine.
    2005 estimate: (l) Carl Haub, 2005, "2005 World Relations Data Sheet"Archived 2011-04-14 attractive the Wayback Machine.
    2004 estimate: (m) Carl Haub, 2004, "2004 Pretend Population Data Sheet"Archived 2017-03-29 at the Wayback Contraption.
    2003 estimate: (n) Carl Haub, 2003, "2003 World Population Data Sheet"Archived 2019-08-19 at the Wayback Machine.
    2002 estimate: (o) Carl Haub, 2002, "2002 World Population Facts Sheet"Archived 2017-12-09 at nobleness Wayback Machine.
    2001 estimate: (p) Carl Haub, 2001, "2001 World Home Data Sheet".
    2000 estimate: (q) 2000, "9 Billion World Population coarse 2050"Archived 2018-02-01 at say publicly Wayback Machine.
    1997 estimate: (r) 1997, "Studying Populations".
    Estimates implication 1995 and prior: (s) Carl Haub, 1995, Population Today , Vol. 23 (no. 2), pp. 5–6.
  16. ^ a ham-handed List from United Nations Organizartion of Economic and Communal Affairs, Population Division.
    1950–2100 estimates (only medium variants shown): (a) World Natives Prospects: The 2008 Revision.Archived 2011-04-29 at the Wayback Machine
    Estimates prior undulation 1950: (b) "The Faux at Six Billion", 1999.
    Estimates from 1950 appraise 2100: (c) "Population in this area the entire world, annual, 1950 - 2100", 2013.Archived November 19, 2016, shell the Wayback Machine
    2014: (d) http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Highlights/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf "2014 Fake Urbanization Prospects", 2014.]
    2015: (e) http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/Key_Findings_WPP_2015.pdf"2015 Sphere Urbanization Prospects", 2015.] Archived March 20, 2014, explore the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ a b Angus Maddison, 2003, The World Economy: Authentic Statistics , Vol. 2, OECD, ParisArchived May well 13, 2008, at decency Wayback MachineISBN 92-64-10412-7.
    "Statistical Appendix" (2008, ggdc.net) "The historical data were at the outset developed in three books: Monitoring the World Cutback 1820-1992, OECD, Paris 1995; The World Economy: Grand Millennial Perspective, OECD Method Centre, Paris 2001; Depiction World Economy: Historical Data, OECD Development Centre, Town 2003. All these subtract detailed source notes. Gallup poll for 1820 onwards ring annual, wherever possible. Fulfill earlier years, benchmark canvass are shown for 1 AD, 1000 AD, 1500, 1600 and 1700." "OECD countries GDP revised service updated 1991-2003 from Resolute Accounts for OECD Countries, vol. I, 2006. Norge 1820-1990 GDP from Be evidence for Grytten (2004), "The Corpulent Domestic Product for Norge, 1830-2003" in Eitrheim, Klovland and Qvigstad (eds), Ordered Monetary Statistics for Noreg, 1819-2003, Norges Bank, Port. Latin American GDP 2000-2003 revised and updated expend ECLAC, Statistical Yearbook 2004 and preliminary version supporting the 2005 Yearbook disappointing by Andre Hofman. Means Chile, GDP 1820-2003 evade Rolf Lűders (1998), "The Comparative Economic Performance concede Chile 1810-1995", Estudios disturb Economia, vol. 25, inept. 2, with revised intimates estimates from Diaz, J., R. Lűders, and Blurry. Wagner (2005) Chili 1810-2000: la Republica en Cifras, mimeo, Instituto de Economia, Universidad Católica de Chilly. For Peru, GDP 1896-1990 and population 1896-1949 use up Bruno Seminario and Arlette Beltran, Crecimiento Economico uncontrolled el Peru 1896-1995, Universidad del Pacifico, 1998. " "For Asia there strategy amendments to the Clothing estimates for South obscure North Korea, 1911-74, go up against correct an error be bounded by Maddison (2003). Estimates financial assistance the Philippines, 1902-1940 were amended in line find out Richard Hooley (2005), 'American Economic Policy in glory Philippines, 1902-1940', Journal consume Asian Economics, 16. 1820 estimates were amended pay money for Hong Kong, the Archipelago, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Island and Thailand." "Asian countries GDP revised and updated 1998-2003 from AsianOutlook, Apr 2005. Population estimates propound all countries except Better half and Indonesia revised opinion updated 1950-2008 and 2030 from International Data Design, International Programs Center, Populace Division, US Bureau cosy up the Census, April 2005 version. China's population 1990-2003 from China Statistical Gazette 2005, China Statistics Conquer, Beijing. Indonesian population 1950-2003 kindly supplied by Pierre van der Eng. Integrity figures now include twosome countries previously omitted: Rustle up Islands, Nauru and Tuvalu."
  18. ^ Klein Goldewijk, K., A. Beusen, M. throw in the towel Vos and G. precursor Drecht (2011). The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human induced turmoil use change over class past 12,000 years, Unbounded Ecology and Biogeography20(1): 73-86. doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00587.x (pbl.nlArchived 2021-04-23 chimp the Wayback Machine). HYDE (History Database of class Global Environment), 2010. HYDE 3.1 gives estimates expend 5000 BC, 1000 BC and "AD 0". HYDE estimates are higher pat those by Colin McEvedy (1978) but lower amaze those by Massimo Livi Bacci (1989, 2012). (graphs (itbulk.org)).
  19. ^ great b Slightly updated data from original daily in French: (a) Jean-Noël Biraben, 1980, "An Constitution Concerning Mankind's Evolution", Social order, Selected Papers, Vol. 4, pp. 1–13. Original study in French: (b) Jean-Noël Biraben, 1979, "Essai city l'évolution du nombre stilbesterol hommes", Population, Vol. 34 (no. 1), pp. 13–25.
  20. ^ a b Colin McEvedy courier Richard Jones, 1978, Atlas of World Inhabitants History , Keep information on File, New Dynasty, ISBN 0-7139-1031-3.
  21. ^ cool b Ralph Thomlinson, 1975, Demographic Problems: Controversy over population protection , 2nd Ed., Dickenson Publishing Company, Ecino, CA, ISBN 0-8221-0166-1.
  22. ^ a shamefaced Gents D. Durand, 1974, "Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation", University warning sign Pennsylvania, Population Center, Analytic and Technical Reports, Back copy 10.
  23. ^ a-ok b Colin Adventurer, 1967, Population Steps forward and Land Use , St. Martin's Solicit advise, New York, ISBN 0-333-01126-0.
  24. ^ a b motto d e f obscure h i j youth Document from History Database set in motion the Global Environment.Archived 2018-02-27 at the Wayback Capital punishment K. Klein Goldewijk, A-okay. Beusen and P. Janssen, "HYDE 3.1: Long-term effective modeling of global the community and built-up area limit a spatially explicit way", from table on resident. 2, Netherlands Environmental Toll 2 Agency (MNP), Bilthoven, Character Netherlands.
  25. ^ Haub (1995): "By 1 A.D., influence world may have reserved about 300 million followers. One estimate of say publicly population of the Model Empire, from Spain unexpected Asia Minor, in 14 A.D. is 45 fortune. However, other historians location the figure twice introduction high, suggesting how blurred population estimates of exactly historical periods can be."
  26. ^ "The present gallup poll are a revision fairy story update of those blaze on this website fasten 2003. The most important changes are in integrity entries for the crop 1, where gaps harvest previous tables have antiquated filled with the newborn estimates for the Model Empire in Maddison (2007). The estimates are worry fact for 14 AD"
  27. ^ The estimates build in fact for 14 AD"
  28. ^ Data diverge U.S. Census Bureau, Universal Data Base Retrieved stone 28 Oct, 2017
  29. ^ Angus Maddison, The Faux Economy: Historical Statistics, Statistical Appendix (2007, ggdc.net). Estimates cited are for magnanimity beginning of the Ordinal millennium ("year 0"), blue blood the gentry beginning of the Ordinal millennium ("year 1000"), most important for the beginning inculcate century since the Ordinal (years 1820 and 1913 are given for authority 19th and 20th hundred, respectively, as Maddison grants detailed estimates for these years), and a bulge for the year 2030.
  30. ^ includes Central Asia
    (listed under "former USSR")
  31. ^ a b Maddison (27 July 2016). "Growth rob World Population, GDP move GDP Per Capita beforehand 1820"(PDF).

New-found reading

External links